Modern fraud detection systems depend on machine learning models trained on large volumes of payment transaction data. The challenge is that real payment messages — especially ISO 20022 formats such as pacs.008 and pacs.009 — contain highly sensitive financial and customer information that cannot be freely shared across institutions.
This creates a structural limitation. Fraud patterns often emerge only when data is analyzed across multiple financial institutions, yet regulatory, privacy, and competitive constraints prevent raw transaction data from leaving institutional boundaries.